Fundamental of Object Oriented Programming

 

Introduction 

One characteristic that is constant in the software industry today is "change" change is one of the most critical aspects of software development and management. New tools and new approaches are announced almost every day.

Object-Oriented Programming  (OOP) is an approach to program organization and development, which attempts to eliminate some of the pitfalls of conventional programming methods by incorporating the best of structured programming features with several new concepts.

OBJECT ORIENT PROGRAMMING:-

OOP is an approach that provides a way of modulazing a program by creating a partitioned memory area for both data and function that can be used as a template for creating copies of such modules on demand. 

Basic concepts of OOP:-

We shall now discuss the general concepts of OOP which from the heart of the java language.

Object and Class:- 

Objects are basic runtime entities in an object-oriented system.

A class is thus a collection of objects of similar type.

Data Abstraction and Encapsulation:-

The wrapping up of data and method into a single unit (called class) is known as encapsulation. Data encapsulation is the most striking feature of the class. The data is not accessible to the outside world and only those method, Which is wrapping in the class, can access its.

Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations. Classes use the concept of abstraction and are defined as a list of abstract attributes such as size, weight and cost, and methods that operate on these attributes. 

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Java Evolution

 Java History:-

Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems of the USA in 1991. Originally called Oak by James Gosling,  one of the inventors of the language,  Java was designed for the development of software for consumer electronic devices like TVs, VCRs, toasters, and other electronic machines. The goal has a strong impact on the development team to make the simple language, portable and highly reliable.

Java Milestones: -

Year                 Development 

1990                Sun Microsystems decide to develop special software that could be used to manipulate consumer electronic devices. 

1991                 After exploring the possibility  of using the most popular object-oriented language 

JAVA is a distributed technology developed by James Gosling, Patric Naughton, etc., on Sun Micro System has issued a lot of rules for Java, and those rules are enforced by Javasoft Inc., USA (which is the software division of Sun MicroSystems) in the year 1990. The original name of JAVA is OAK (which is a tree name). OAK was modified and developed software called (which is a coffee seed name).

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Overview of java Languages

Introduction:

Java is a general-purpose, objected oriented programming language. we can develop two of java programs.

1:- Standalone applications.

2:- Web Applets.

Standalone applications are programs written in java to carry out certain tasks on a standalone local computer. Java can be used to develop programs for all kinds of applications, which earlier, were developed using languages like C and C++

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Constants, Variables, and Data Types

Introduction:

A programming language is designed to process certain kid of data consisting of number, characters and string and to provide useful output know as information. 

Constants:- 

Constants in java refer to fixed values that do not change during the executions of a program. Java supports serval kind of constants as illustrated .

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Operators and Expressions

Introduction 

Java Support rich set of operators. We have already used serval of them, such s +,=,- and * operator is a symbol that tell the computer to perform certain mathematical or logical manipulations.

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Decision Making and Branching

 Introduction: - A java program is a set of statements, which are normally executed sequentially in the order in which they appear. This happens when options or repetition is certain calculations are not necessary. However, in practice, we have a number of situations,  where we may have to change the order of execution of statements based on certain conditions, or repeat a group of statements until certain specified conditions are met.

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Decision Making and looping

 Introduction: -  A computer is well suited to perform repetitive operations. It can do it tirelessly for 10, 100, or even 10,000 times. Every computer language must-have features that instruct a computer to perform such repetitive tasks. The process of repeatedly executing a block of statements is know as looping. The statement in the block may be executed any number of times, from zero to infinite number. If a loop continues forever, its is called an infinite loop.

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Classes, Objects, and Methods

 Introduction: - Java is a true object Oriented language and therefore the underlying structure of all java programs is classes. Anything we wish to represent in a java program must be encapsulated in a class that defines the state and behavior of the basic program components know as objects. Classes create objects and objects use methods to communicate between them. That is all about object-oriented programming.

Class:-   Class is a blueprint of the object. Class is a way to binding data and associated methods in a single unit.

Method:- In object-oriented programming's generally, we write two types of methods. They are member method and non-member methods.

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